My branches or tree trunk looks like it has a crack in it?

The term “co-dominant stems” is used to describe 2 or more main stems (or “leaders”) that are about the same diameter and emerge from the same location on the main trunk.

As the tree grows older, the stems remain similar in size without any single one becoming dominant.

Why are such stems important to recognize?

• Co-dominant stems tend to fail much more often than others, especially in storms.
• Though such stems may look fine to the casual observer, they may actually be dangerous.
• Early recognition of such stems allows remedial action when it does the most good.
• Many of our most common trees in the UK commonly form co-dominant stems.

How can you tell if there is a serious problem?

• Classifying co-dominant stems into 3 risk stages can aid in their management:
  • Risk Stage 1: does the union between the two stems form a “V” but there are no other symptoms?
    • A “V” union is much more likely to fail than a “U”
    • Stems with a “V” union compress bark between them as they grow, leaving little physical connection
  • Risk Stage 2: are there symptoms of decay in the union?
    • Can you see rotted matter between the stems?
    • Is there any fluid flowing from the union?
    • Are there woody plants growing in the union?                                                      
    • Do you see wide “ears” (swelling) on either side of the union?
  • Risk Stage 3: is there any sign of failure?
    • Can you see any cracks in the union itself?
    • Is reaction wood being formed rapidly at the base of the stems?

If you have a co-dominant stem that you are concerned about you should seek the advice of a trained professional.      

This is by no means intended to be used as an extensive guide to tree hazard assessment, this article is intended as an opportunity for the laymen to understand some common tree related problems that can cause a tree to fail and fall. This article should ideally be used as a reference guide to help spot common tree related problems and seek help.

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